Information recording apparatus and method for the same

ABSTRACT

Entry points are managed so they are easy for users to understand. The data recording apparatus has a receiver unit that receives a stream of encoded digital data; an analyzer that detects change in an attribute of the received stream and that outputs the detection information; a controller that generates management information containing the detection information output by the analyzer and time information indicating detection time of the change as a first entry point; a drive that records the management information and the received stream to a data storage medium; and an input unit that defines a second entry point. This second entry point is set relative to the playback path of the stream and is used to access and read from a particular point in the stream. The controller further generates the management information containing the first entry point and the second entry point separately identified.

This application is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No.10/046,512, filed Jan. 16, 2002 now U.S. Pat. No. 7,356,247.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates generally to a readable/recordable datastorage medium, and relates, more specifically, to a data storage mediumon which various types of multimedia data, including video data, stillpicture data, and audio data are recorded. The invention also relates toan apparatus and a method that records information on or reproducingrecorded information from such a data storage medium.

2. Description of Related Art

In addition to being used to store computer data, read-only disc mediasuch as DVD (Digital Versatile Disc)-ROM discs (hereinafter referred toas “DVD-ROM” discs) is exploited for recording movies and other videoimages, photographs and other still images, and audio data (collectivelyreferred to below as “AV data”). Phase change type rewritable media suchas DVD-RAM discs with a storage capacity of several gigabytes have alsorecently become practical and widely available.

With practical development of MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group) andMPEG-2 as international coding standards for digital AV content,decoders and encoders, DVD-RAM applications are expected to quickly growfrom a storage medium for computer data to a recording and playbackmedium for audio and video (AV) data. More specifically, DVD-RAM mediais expected to replace a magnetic tape as the preferred medium forrecording and playing AV data.

A problem is how to use such high capacity optical disc to record AVdata so as to achieve new functionality and performance greatlysurpassing that offered by conventional AV equipment.

One of the greatest benefits of the disc format is a significantimprovement in random accessibility. While tape media can be randomlyaccessed, several minutes are typically required to rewind a video tape.This is many times slower than the comparable seek time (approximatelyseveral 10 ms) of optical disc media. For practical purposes, tape istherefore not considered a random access medium.

Random accessibility also enables distributed recording of AV data to anoptical disc, something that is not possible with conventional magnetictape media. FIG. 1 is a block diagram of DVD recording device (belowreferred to as a DVD recorder or drive). The drive has optical pickup 11that reads data from DVD-RAM disc 10, error correcting code (ECC)processor 12, one track buffer 13, switch 14 that switches input/outputto track buffer 13, encoder 15 and decoder 16.

As shown in FIG. 1, data is recorded on DVD-RAM disc 10 in each sectoras the smallest recording unit. Each sector holds 2 KB. Groups of 16sectors form one ECC block, the data unit to which ECC processor 12applies error correction processing.

Track buffer 13 is used to record AV data at a variable bit rate inorder to record AV data more efficiently to DVD-RAM disc 10. Morespecifically, while DVD-RAM disc 10 read/write rate Va is a fixed rate,the bit rate Vb of the AV data varies according to the complexity of thecontent (e.g., images if the content is video). Track buffer 13 is usedto absorb such difference of bit rate. Track buffer 13 can also beeffectively used to supply AV data continuously to decoder 16 when theAV data is recorded in dispersed locations on DVD-RAM disc 10. Trackbuffer 13 also enables the AV data sent to encoder 15 to be recorded onthe DVD-RAM disc.

The Universal Disc Format (UDF) file system is used on DVD-RAM discs inorder to use high capacity DVD-RAM discs more effectively and enableaccess by personal computers (PCs). The UDF file system is described indetail in the Universal Disc Format Standard.

A typical setup of conventional AV equipment is described next. FIG. 2shows a relationship between conventional AV equipment, media, andformats. If the user wishes to view a video tape, for example, the usernormally inserts a video tape to a VCR and watches it on a television.To listen to music, the user inserts a CD into a CD player or compactstereo system with a built-in CD player, and listens to the musicthrough speakers or headphones. With conventional AV equipment there hasthus been a one-to-one relationship between a particular format (videoor audio) and the media used for that format. This means that the usermust change the media and AV equipment according to the content to beseen or heard, and is somewhat inconvenient.

With recent advances in digital technologies DVD video discs areincreasingly used to deliver prepackaged software and digital satellitebroadcasting services. These developments have been made possible by thedigital technology revolution and particularly by the widespreadadoption of MPEG standards.

FIG. 3 shows the MPEG stream used for DVD video discs and digitalbroadcasting. The MPEG standard has a hierarchical structure asindicated in FIG. 3. What is important to note here is that the MPEGsystem layer stream used by the final application is different inpackaged media such as DVD video disc and communications media such asdigital satellite broadcasting. The MPEG system layer stream forpackaged media is called the “MPEG program stream” and transmits data inunits referred to as “packs.” Each pack corresponds to one sector, therecording unit of DVD video discs, for example. As noted above, eachsector holds 2048 bytes. The MPEG system layer stream for broadcastmedia is called the “MPEG transport stream” and transmits data in TSpacket units of 188 bytes each due to ATM considerations.

It has been widely expected that MPEG, a digital coding technology foraudio-video data, would make it possible to freely handle AV dataindependently of the media, but small differences such as those notedabove have meant that AV equipment and media compatible with bothpackaged media and communications media do not exist at present. DVD-RAMand other types of high capacity optical discs are expected to eliminatethe inconveniences of conventional AV equipment.

The introduction of an optical disc medium, on which both the MPEGtransport stream and MPEG program stream can be recorded, has beendesired since the introduction of digital satellite broadcasting.

A DVD recorder enabling the user to freely display and present variousformats and content types using a single AV device as shown in FIG. 4without being concerned with the specific format is desired. This isdescribed more specifically below with reference to FIG. 5 which showsan exemplary menu screen presented by a DVD recorder. This menu enablesthe user to seamlessly select a (1) movie delivered via digitalsatellite broadcast, or a (2) morning serial drama or (3) World Cupfinal delivered via conventional television antenna, or a (4) Beethovenpiece dubbed from a CD without the user being aware of the recordingmedia or format.

The biggest obstacle to achieving this type of DVD recorder, usingoptical disc media widely considered to be the next-generation AVrecording medium is, how to uniformly manage AV data and AV streams ofdifferent formats. Special management techniques are not needed to onlymanage already existing formats. However, using a management techniquethat is compatible not only with the many formats already in use but canalso handle new formats likely to be introduced in the future isessential to achieving the type of DVD recorder described above.

Differences in the user interface resulting from whether different AVstreams can be uniformly handled or not could lead to inconveniencessimilar to those presented by the related art, that is, requiring theuser to operate the equipment with an awareness of the specific contentor format. A major problem, therefore, is how the receiver handles AVstream data digitized by the sender, such as in digital broadcasting.More particularly, in order for the various functions provided by newdigital satellite broadcasting services to be usable after broadcastcontent is recorded, that is, in order to enable time shift recording,it is essential to record the broadcast stream as it was broadcast. TheMPEG transport stream enables multiple video streams to be multiplexedto enable multiple views.

It is also desirable to be able to time-shift record new digitalbroadcasts anticipated in the future even if certain aspects of theservice content are as yet undefined.

The “entry point” is one example of a feature enabling digitallyrecorded AV data to be accessed at random, the greatest feature of adisc medium. There is also a growing need for the user to be able to setentry points at desirable points in the content so that these entrypoints can be directly accessed to start playback therefrom. However,there are also entry points that are automatically recorded by the discrecorder. Confusion arises when the user-defined entry points andautomatically recorded entry points are mixed, and there is therefore aneed for a data structure enabling these different entry points to beseparately identified.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An object of the present invention is therefore to manage entry pointsin a manner that is easy for the user to understand.

A further object of the invention is to enable recording a stream usedin digital broadcasting (e.g., the MPEG transport stream) together withother AV streams, and to enable reproduction of the recorded data.

To achieve these objects a data recording apparatus according to thepresent invention has a receiver unit, a controller, a drive, and aninput unit. The receiver unit receives a stream of encoded digital data.The analyzer detects change in an attribute of the stream received bythe receiver unit and outputs detection information. The controllergenerates management information containing the detection informationoutput by the analyzer and time information indicating detection time ofthe change occurred as a first entry point. The drive records themanagement information generated by the controller and the streamreceived by the receiving unit to a data storage medium. The input unitdefines a second entry point. This second entry point is set relative tothe playback path of the stream and is used to enable accessing aparticular point in the stream so that reproduction can start from thatpoint. The controller generates management information contains thefirst entry point and the second entry point, which can be separatelyidentified.

A data recording method according to the present invention has asequence of steps accomplishing the above described process. The presentinvention can also be expressed as a data recording program executed bya computer to perform the above process, thereby achieving the aboveobjects. This data recording program can be recorded on a storagemedium.

The controller preferably generates management information including afirst table containing the first entry points and a second tablerecording the second entry points.

Alternatively, the controller generates management information includingseparate identification flags assigned to the first entry points andsecond entry points.

The present invention provides management information enabling entrypoints set based on stream attributes and entry points set by a user tobe identified. By selectively displaying the entry points based on thismanagement information, the user can easily find a desired scene fromthe displayed information.

More specifically, the transport stream transmitted as part of a digitalbroadcast can be recorded together with other AV streams. Further, oneor more user-defined entry points may be distinguished from originalentry points set relative to the recorded digital broadcast object. Inaddition, one or more flags may be provided in the entry point data ofthe entry point table, which indicates a program change, a flagindicating a change in PSI/SI information, a flag indicating a change ina MPEG stream attribute, a flag indicating the starting point of a datacarousel, a flag indicating the location of a change in data carouselcontent, a flag indicating the location of a change in PMT content, aflag indicating the location of a module change, a flag indicating thelocation of a data event change, a flag indicating an audio attributechange, a field indicating the number of views in a program, and aparental control field. By displaying this information, the user caneasily locate a desired scene from the displayed information. The usercan also be informed of cells containing multiple views.

Other objects and attainments together with a fuller understanding ofthe invention will become apparent and appreciated by referring to thefollowing description and claims taken in conjunction with theaccompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

This and other objects and features of the present invention will becomeclear from the subsequent description of a preferred embodiment thereofmade with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which like partsare designated by like reference numerals and in which:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a DVD recorder drive;

FIG. 2 is a relationship between conventional AV equipment and media;

FIG. 3 is a structure of the MPEG program stream and transport stream;

FIG. 4 is a relationship between media and AV equipment sought by a DVDrecorder;

FIG. 5 is a menu presented by a DVD recorder;

FIG. 6A is a relationship between an AV file and directory;

FIG. 6B is a concept of address space on a disc;

FIG. 7 is a relationship between an object, object information, and PGCinformation;

FIG. 8 is a structure of stream management information derived fromobject information;

FIG. 9 is a relationship between a digital broadcast object (D_VOB),digital broadcast object information (D_VOBI), and PGC information;

FIGS. 10A to 10F show a relationship of a time map according to thepresent invention;

FIGS. 11A and 11B show a relationship between TS packets and headerinformation in a stream object (SOB);

FIG. 12 is a structure of management information in a DVD-RAM disc;

FIG. 13 is a structure used to describe multiple views;

FIG. 14 is a structure of an entry point according to the presentinvention;

FIG. 15 is structures of an automatically defined entry point table anda user-defined entry point table;

FIG. 16 is a structure of an entry point table provided for each view;

FIG. 17 is a block diagram of a model player according to the presentinvention;

FIG. 18 is a block diagram of a DVD recorder;

FIG. 19 is a flow chart of the recording operation of the DVD recorder;

FIG. 20 is a structure of an EIT for PG_Change detection;

FIG. 21 is a structure of PSI/SI information for PSI/SI detection;

FIG. 22 is a structure of an MPEG-2 stream for SQH_Change detection;

FIG. 23 is a structure of a DII for Data_Top detection;

FIG. 24 is a structure of a DII for Data_Change detection;

FIG. 25 is a structure of a PMT for PMT_Change detection;

FIG. 26 is a structure of a DII for DE_Change detection;

FIG. 27 is a structure of a DII for Module_Change detection;

FIG. 28 is a structure of an EIT for Aud_Change detection;

FIG. 29 is a structure of an EIT for Multi-View detection;

FIG. 30 is a structure of a PMT and EIT for parental control informationdetection;

FIG. 31 is a flow chart of the recorder's playback operation;

FIG. 32 is a flow chart showing an entry point setting process;

FIG. 33 is a flow chart shown an entry point reproduction process.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

A data storage medium, recording apparatus, and playback apparatusaccording to the present invention are described below with reference tothe accompanying figures using by way of example a DVD-RAM disc, DVDrecorder, and DVD player.

A DVD-RAM disc according to the present invention enables recording AVdata in different formats to a single disc and uniformly managing therecorded data. This enables video data recorded by encoding an analogbroadcast signal to an MPEG transport stream, and an MPEG transportstream received from a digital broadcast, to the same disc. This datarecorded on a DVD-RAM disc can also be reproduced in a specifiedsequence. To achieve this a DVD-RAM disc according to the presentinvention contains management information for managing AV streamsindependently of the AV data format.

The structure of data recorded on a DVD-RAM disc according to thepresent invention is described first with reference to FIGS. 6A and 6B.FIG. 6A shows the data structure written to a DVD-RAM disc 100. Thisdata structure is recognizable through the file system of disc 100. FIG.6B shows the structure of the physical sectors of disc 100.

As shown in the figure a physical sector starts with a lead-in area 31.This lead-in area 31 includes a reference signal needed to stabilize theservo and an identification signal for identifying the type of media. Adata area 33 follows lead-in area 31. Logically valid data is recordedto data area 33. Management information for the file system, calledvolume information, is recorded to the beginning of each data area 33.The file system preferably uses the UDF format described above and knownfrom the literature, and further description thereof is thus omitted.Data area 33 is followed by a lead-out area 35. As in lead-in area 31, areference signal is also recorded to lead-out area 35.

Data written to disc 100 can be handled through the file system asdirectories and files as shown in FIG. 6A. As shown in FIG. 6A all datahandled by the DVD recorder is managed under the DVD_RTAV directorydirectly below the ROOT directory.

A DVD recorder according to this embodiment of the invention handles twofile types: AV files containing audio/video data (AV data) andmanagement information files containing information for managing the AVfiles. In the example shown in FIG. 6A VIDEO_RT.IFO is the managementinformation file and M_VOB.VOB is an AV file containing video data.D_VOB.VOB is a file containing digital broadcast video data.

Each of these files is described in detail below. It will be noted thateach AV stream is defined as an “object” in this embodiment. An objectcan contain various types of AV streams, including MPEG program streams.By treating AV streams as abstract objects, AV stream managementinformation can be uniformly defined as object information (ObjectI).

Management information is described first with reference to FIG. 7. AVfile management information VIDEO_RT.IFO is used as an example ofmanagement information. FIG. 7 shows a relationship between an AV fileobject, object information, and program chain (PGC) information (PGCinformation).

Management information VIDEO_RT.IFO contains object information 80 thatmanages addresses (recording positions) of objects, PGC information 50and 70 that defines playback order and playback time of the data to bereproduced from the data recorded on the DVD-RAM disc, and video managergeneral information (VMGI) 90. Each AV stream contains differencesunique to the particular format as well as common sharable attributes(such as time attributes), thus making abstraction possible as notedabove. AV streams of the same format are also stored in the sequencerecorded to a single AV file.

Object information (ObjectI) 80 contains general information (Object GI)80 a about the object, object attribute information (AttributeI) 80 b,access map 80 c to be used to convert the object playback time to a discaddress, and entry point table 80 d for PGC information 50 andindicating access points (each point referred to below as an entrypoint) to a particular location in the object.

Access map 80 c is used for conversions between the time base and dataamount of bit stream. Access map 80 c contains data correlating timespace to address space for each object unit. This is because one objectcontains plural object units (VOBU) as further described below. Accessmap 80 c is needed because an AV stream generally has two references, atime base and data amount of bit stream, and the correlation betweenthese is not perfect. For example, using a variable bit rate, that is,changing the bit rate according to the complexity of the images, isincreasingly the preferred encoding method with MPEG-2 video, aninternational standard for video stream encoding. Using a variable bitrate means there is no direct correlation between the playback time andthe amount of data from the beginning of the stream, and random accessreferenced to the time base is therefore not possible. Access map 80 cis thus needed to define the correlation between time and data.

PGC information 50, 70 are used to control reproducing the video dataand audio data, that is, the objects, recorded on disc 100 such asDVD-RAM. Each of PGC information 50, 70 indicates one unit forcontinuous reproduction by the DVD player. More specifically, PGCinformation 50, 70 indicate playback sequence of cell information 60,61, 62, 63 indicating the object to play back and a particular playbackinterval in the object. The cell information 60 is further describedbelow. There are two types of PGC information: original PGC information50 generated automatically by the DVD recorder during object recordingso as to include all recorded objects, and user-defined PGC information70 enabling the user to freely define a playback sequence.

It should be noted that the entry point table 80 d of object information(ObjectI) 80 described above defines entry points relating only tooriginal PGC information 50 which are also referred to below as originalentry points. Entry points relating to user-defined PGC information 70,which are also referred to below as user entry points, are defined inrespective cell information in user-defined PGC information 70, forexample, in an entry point table 72 contained in cell information 71.Original entry points are set automatically by the DVD recorder in theactual object defined in object information (ObjectI) 80. User-definedentry points are set as desired by the user in the object playback path.

Note, further, that entry point table 80 d can be provided in originalPGC information 50. If contained in original PGC information 50, entrypoint table 80 d can be provided to each cell information block orprovided as an element of original PGC information 50 not contained inthe cell information. The entry point table contained in user-definedPGC information 70 need not be provided in the cell information, and canbe recorded as an element of user-defined PGC information 70 notcontained in the cell information.

The structure and function of PGC information 50 and 70 are identicalexcept that user-defined PGC information 70 is defined by the user andcontains entry point table 72. Original PGC information 50 is thereforeprimarily described in detail below. Entry point tables 72 and 80 d aredescribed further below.

As shown in FIG. 7 original PGC information 50 contains at least oneblock of cell information 60, 61, 62, 63. Cell information 60 specifiesthe object to reproduce and the playback time of that object. OriginalPGC information 50 generally records multiple cells in sequence. Therecording sequence of the cell information in original PGC information50 indicates the playback sequence when the cells identified by eachcell are reproduced.

Each cell information block, such as cell information 60, containsobject type (Type) 60 a indicating the type of object specified,object's multi-view information (View_Type) 60 b, Object ID 60 cidentifying the object, starting position information (Start) 60 d inthe object on the time base, and end position information (End) 60 e onthe time base. During data reproduction cell information 60 in originalPGC information 50 is read in sequence and the object specified by eachcell is reproduced for the playback time declared by the cell.

For the abstracted object information to be applied to an actual AVstream it must be more specifically defined. This is more easilyunderstood with reference to the class inheritance of the objectoriented model where object information is a superclass andconstructions specific to each AV stream are subclasses. FIG. 8 showsmanagement information for each stream derived from the objectinformation. As will be known from this figure subclasses of the objectinformation in this embodiment of the invention include a videosubclass, digital video broadcasting subclass, and stream subclass.

The video subclass is movie video object information M_VOBI 82 presentsvideo object information (that is, the MPEG transport stream). Thedigital video broadcast subclass is digital video broadcast objectinformation D_VOBI (digital video object information) 86 presentingobject information for digital broadcast data (the MPEG transportstream). The stream subclass is stream object information (SOBI) 89presenting object information for streams of undefined application.These object information subclasses are described below.

Movie video object information M_VOBI 82 includes general MPEG transportstream information (M_VOB_GI) 82 a, video object stream information(M_VOB_STI) 82 b, time map 82 c, and entry point table 82 d.

General information (M_VOB_GI) 82 a in movie video object informationM_VOBI 82 includes video object identification information M_VOB_ID,video object recording time M_VOB_REC_TM, video object starting timeinformation M_VOB_V_S_PTM, and video object end time informationM_VOB_V_E_PTM.

Video object stream information (M_VOB_STI) 82 b includes the videostream coding mode and other video stream information V_ATR, number ofaudio streams AST_Ns, and the audio stream coding mode and other audiostream information A_ATR.

Time map 82 c includes the starting address of video objects in the AVfile, playback time VOBU_PB_TM of each video object unit (VOBU), anddata size VOBU_SZ. A video object unit (VOBU) is the smallest accessunit in a movie video object M_VOB, and is described below in detail.

Digital video broadcast object information (D_VOBI) 86 includes generalinformation about MPEG transport stream D_VOB_GI 86 a, streaminformation D_VOB_STI 86 b, time map 86 c, and entry point table 86 d.

General information D_VOB_GI 86 a includes digital broadcast objectidentification information D_VOB_ID, digital broadcast object recordingtime D_VOB_REC_TM, digital broadcast object starting time informationD_VOB_V_S_PTM, and digital broadcast object end time informationD_VOB_V_E_PTM.

Stream information D_VOB_STI 86 b includes PROVIDER_INF storingadditional information distributed with the digital broadcast.

Time map 86 c includes the starting address of the digital broadcastobject (D_VOB) in the AV file, playback time VOBU_PB_TM of each objectunit (VOBU), and data size VOBU_SZ.

Stream object information (SOBI) 89 contains general information SOB_GI89 a about the digital stream, digital stream information SOB_STI 89 b,time map 89 c, and entry point table 89 d.

General information SOB_GI 89 a about the digital stream includes streamobject identification information SOB_ID, stream object recording timeSOB_REC_TM, stream object starting time information SOB_S_PTM, andstream object end time information SOB_E_PTM.

Digital stream information SOB_STI 89 b includes PROVIDER_INF storingadditional information distributed in a stream.

Time map 89 c includes the SOB starting address in the AV file andplayback time SOBU_PB_TM of each stream object unit (SOBU). A streamobject unit (SOBU) is the smallest access unit in a stream object (SOB),and is described below in detail.

A corresponding stream information table is thus defined for each AVstream by thus specifically defining the abstracted object informationas shown in FIG. 8.

The relationship between cell information 60 and digital video broadcastobject information (D_VOBI) 86 as a specific example of objectinformation ObjectI is described next with reference to FIG. 9.

Object type (Type) 60 a declared in cell information 60 is set to D_VOBto indicate that the cell belongs to a digital broadcast object. Notethat object type (Type) 60 a is set to M_VOB for movie object cells andto SOB for stream object (SOB) cells.

If object type (Type) 60 a is set to D_VOB, View_Type 60 b is alsodeclared in the cell information. View_Type 60 b declares whether thereare multiple views (further described below) in the cell and if thereare how many views are present. If there are multiple views, View_Type60 b records the greatest number of view present, and records 0 ifmultiple views are not present. The object ID (Object ID) is used tosearch for the corresponding object information (VOBI). This is possiblebecause, for example, the object ID (Object ID) for a digital broadcastobject corresponds directly to the digital broadcast objectidentification information D_VOB_ID contained in general informationD_VOB_GI 86 a of the digital video broadcast object information (D_VOBI)86. It is thus possible to find object information corresponding to cellinformation 60 using object type (Type) 60 a and Object ID 60 cinformation.

Starting position (Start) 60 d field in cell information 60 correspondsto digital broadcast object starting time information D_VOB_V_S_PTM. Ifthe value (time) recorded by Start and D_VOB_V_S_PTM are the same, itmeans that the cell is reproduced from the beginning of the digitalbroadcast object. If the Start value is greater than D_VOB_V_S_PTM, thecell starts from some midpoint in the digital broadcast object. In thiscase the cell is reproduced at a delay from the beginning of the digitalbroadcast object equal to the difference between D_VOB_V_S_PTM and Startvalues. The relationship between end position (End) 60 e and digitalbroadcast object end time information D_VOB_V_E_PTM is the same.

It will thus be known that the cell playback start and end positionsrelative to the movie object time base can be determined from startingposition (Start) 60 d and end position (End) 60 e values in cellinformation 60 and the digital broadcast object starting timeinformation (D_VOB_V_S_PTM) and digital broadcast object end timeinformation D_VOB_V_E_PTM in general information D_VOB_GI 86 a ofdigital video broadcast object information (D_VOBI) 86.

Time map 86 c of digital video broadcast object information (D_VOBI) 86contains the playback time and data size of each video object unit(VOBU). The cell playback start and end times relative to the movieobject can be converted to address values by referencing time map 86 c.Note that a video object unit (VOBU) is a group of plural VOB packs inan AV file as indicated by the bold line in the figure. Note, further,that each pack is equal in size to a sector, and video data is storedusing one or more packs.

A specific example of address conversion using this time map isdescribed below with reference to FIGS. 10A to 10F.

FIG. 10A shows a digital broadcast object (D_VOB) presented as a videodisplay on the time base. FIG. 10B shows a time map comprising aplayback time length and data size for each video object unit (VOBU).FIG. 10C shows a digital broadcast object presented on the data amountof bit stream. FIG. 10D shows a part of the VOB system stream packs in adigital broadcast object (D_VOB). FIG. 10E shows the video stream andFIG. 10F shows the audio stream.

The digital broadcast object (D_VOB) is a MPEG transport stream. TheMPEG transport stream contains video stream and audio stream packets(PES packets) arranged in a specific sequence of packs each containingplural packets (PES packets).

The transport packet (TS packet) is a fixed size of 188 bytes. Onesector of a DVD-RAM disc stores 2048 bytes. Plural transport packets(specifically, 2048 bytes/188 bytes=10 TS packets) are recorded togetherwith header information in one sector.

The transport stream is a single multiplexed stream comprising TSpacketized video packets (V_PKT) and audio packets (A_PKT). Streammultiplexing is shown in FIGS. 10C to 10F.

The MPEG system stream, which includes both the transport stream andprogram stream, also contains a time stamp enabling simultaneousreproduction of the multiplexed video and audio streams.

The transport stream time stamp is the presentation time stamp (PTS)indicating the playback time of a particular frame. The digitalbroadcast object starting time information (D_VOB_V_S_PTM) and digitalbroadcast object end time information D_VOB_V_E_PTM are time expressionsreferenced to the presentation time stamp (PTS).

The video object unit (VOBU) is described next. The video object unit(VOBU) is the smallest access unit in a digital broadcast object(D_VOB). An MPEG video stream achieves highly efficient videocompression by using both image compression based on the spatialfrequency characteristic within a video frame (intra-coding), and imagecompression using movement between video frames (inter-coding), that is,movement along the time base. Time base information, that is,information about temporally preceding or following video frames, istherefore required to expand inter-coded video frames, which cannot beexpanded using only information in the frame. To resolve this problem acommon MPEG video stream improves random accessibility by inserting anintra-coded video frame (I-picture) coded without reference to movementon the time base is inserted once every approximately 0.5 sec.

A video object unit (VOBU) starts with a pack that starts with anI-picture and continues to the last pack immediately preceding the nextpack starting with an I-picture. The time map contains the data size(number of TS packets) in the video object unit (VOBU) and the videoframe playback time (number of fields) in the video object unit (VOBU).

Note that the first data in an I-picture is not necessarily thebeginning of a TS packet. It is therefore possible that the last data ina particular video object unit (VOBU) is located in the same TS packetcontaining the first data in the next video object unit (VOBU). The datasize of a video object unit (VOBU) is therefore the number of TS packetsto immediately before the TS packet containing the first data for thenext video object unit (VOBU) (I-picture).

Consider an example in which the difference between the cell Start valueand the value recorded by digital broadcast object starting timeinformation (D_VOB_V_S_PTM) is 1 second (60 fields). In this case theplayback start time of each object unit from the beginning of thedigital broadcast object (D_VOB) can be determined by accumulating theplayback time of each video object unit (VOBU) in time map 86 c. Bylikewise accumulating the data size (TS packet count) of each objectunit it is also possible to determine the address of each object unitfrom the start of the digital broadcast object (D_VOB).

Video object units (VOBU) containing 24, 30, and 24 fields,respectively, are sequentially arranged from the start of the digitalbroadcast object (D_VOB) in the example shown in FIG. 10. It istherefore known that the video frame starting 1 second (60 fields) fromthe beginning of the digital broadcast object (D_VOB) is contained inthe third video object unit (VOBU #3). In addition, because the datasize of the video object units (VOBU) is 1250, 908, and 1150 TS packets,respectively, from the beginning of the digital broadcast object(D_VOB), the start address of the third video object unit (VOBU #3) isknown to be TS packet 2158 from the beginning of the object, that is, TSpacket 8 in sector 215. It is therefore possible to determine the datastart address from which playback begins by adding this result to theD_VOB start address (ADR_OFF) in the AV file, that is, sector 5010.

The above description assumes playback from the video frame of thesixtieth field from the start. As described above, decoding and playbackcannot start from any desired video frame due to MPEG video codingrequirements, and the playback starting position is therefore shifted toa nearest video object unit (VOBU) 6 fields away so that playback startsfrom the beginning of an I-picture. However, if the decoder only decodesthose six fields and the fields are not presented, playback can startfrom the video field specified by the cell. The playback end time of adigital broadcast object corresponding to the cell end position and theaddress in the AV file can be obtained as described above.

An ID code identifying the broadcasting company and other informationspecific to each broadcaster is contained in the PROVIDER_INF field ofthe digital broadcast object stream information (D_VOB_STI).

The movie video object information M_VOBI is described next. The movieobject information is also a subclass derived from the objectinformation and is therefore basically the same as the digital broadcastobject information. The big difference is that movie video objects M_VOBare recorded from terrestrial broadcast signals. That is, while digitalbroadcast objects (D_VOB) are produced by directly recording datatransmitted from a digital broadcast satellite, movie objects are AVstreams obtained by the recorder encoding the signal. Address conversionusing the time map is the same as for digital broadcast objects (D_VOB)as described above.

For example, if one sector of a DVD-RAM disc stores 2048 bytes, M_VOBpackets are also a fixed size of 2048 bytes. Movie video objects M_VOBcan therefore be handled knowing that one pack equals one sector. Thedata read/write unit of a DVD-RAM disc is the sector, and movie objectunits can therefore be defined from sector to sector. Address conversionwith reference to the time map is essentially the same as with D_VOB.Note that while VOBU data size is expressed by the packet count fordigital broadcast objects (D_VOB), the time map for converting M_VOBaddresses uses the number of packs.

The stream object information (SOBI) 89 is described next. The streamobject information is also a subclass derived from the objectinformation and is therefore basically the same as the digital broadcastobject information. The big difference is that while the recorder cananalyze the stream content with a digital broadcast object (D_VOB), therecorder cannot analyze the content of a stream object (SOB). Therecorder encodes the data for both digital broadcast object D_VOB andmovie video object M_VOB. The data structure of the stream is thereforeknowable and can be analyzed by the recorder. With a stream object(SOB), however, the recorder records the data without analyzing it.Therefore, if the data is encrypted for copyright protection, forexample, or if the recorder does not have a compatible decoder becauseof new services, the recorder will not understand the internal structureof the stream.

This means that a time map as described above cannot be generated for astream object (SOB). This embodiment of the present invention addressesthis problem by using the arrival time stamp (ATS) indicating thearrival time of each TS packet in the MPEG transport stream to create atime map.

FIGS. 11A and 11B show the relationship between TS packet and headerinformation in a stream object (SOB). Header information containing thearrival time stamp (ATS) and TS packets are disposed to alternatingsectors in a stream object (SOB). The header information is 4 bytes anda TS packet is 188 bytes, and the present embodiment of the inventioncan therefore record 10 header information entries and TS packets in onesector. The arrival time stamp (ATS) can therefore be used to indicate aspecific time in the stream object (SOB).

Objects in time map 89 c (FIG. 8) of a stream object (SOB) are definedusing stream object units (SOBU). Stream object (SOB) content cannot beanalyzed, and the SOBU data size is fixed. SOBU data size in the presentembodiment is the same size as an ECC block. By thus fixing the SOBUdata size, it is not necessary to specify the size in the stream object(SOB) time map 89 c. The time map is therefore a table containing onlythe arrival time stamp (ATS) of the first TS packet in the stream objectunit (SOBU). The stream object starting time information SOB_S_PTM andstream object end time information SOB_E_PTM of a stream object (SOB)are the arrival time stamp (ATS) for the first and last TS packets inthe object.

Address conversion using the time map is essentially the same asdescribed with reference to a digital broadcast object (D_VOB). However,because the data size of each object unit (VOBU) in the stream object(SOB) is fixed, the time map used for SOB address conversion is notexpressed by the packet count as in a digital broadcast object (D_VOB).

The time map can also be generated using the program clock reference(PCR) present in the TS packets of the MPEG transport stream instead ofusing the arrival time stamp (ATS). The program clock reference (PCR)indicates the input time for each TS packet to the decoder. The programclock reference (PCR) is not always written to every transport packet,and the recorder may therefore need to interpolate some PCR values.

As in the digital broadcast object stream information (D_VOB_STI), an IDcode identifying the broadcasting company and other information specificto each broadcaster is contained in the PROVIDER_INF field of the streamobject information S_VOB_STI.

FIG. 12 shows the overall structure of management information in anoptical disc according to this embodiment of the invention. The datastructure described above is shown in FIG. 12. The overall managementinformation is described below. An optical disc according to thisembodiment of the invention contains video manager general information(VMGI) 90 and various file information tables 92, 94, 96 in addition tothe PGC information 50, 70 described above.

Video manager general information (VMGI) 90 is management informationrelating to the entire disc and includes the start address, that is,pointers, to original PGC information 50, user-defined PGC information70, and file management tables 92 to 96, for example. PGC information50, 70 and file management tables 92 to 96 can be accessed byreferencing these pointers.

File management tables 92, 94, 96 shown in FIG. 12 are described nextbelow. File management tables 92, 94, 96 are used for managing objectdata files and are provided for each object type. More specifically,movie file management table 92 is used for managing files recordingdigital broadcast object digital broadcast objects; digital broadcastfile management table 94 is used for managing files recording videoobjects; and stream file management table 96 is used for managing streamfiles recording stream objects.

As described above object information is identified based on object ID(Object ID) of the cell information in the PGC information, and theobject information address is determined using these file managementtables 92, 94, 96. File management tables 92, 94, 96 therefore recordthe number of object information entries managed, the object ID (ObjectID), and the data size of the object information. If the object IDindicates the order of the object information entries in the file, theobject ID (Object ID) specified in the cell information can be used todetermine the number of the specified object information entry in theobject information managed by the file management table. The objectinformation address can then be determined by calculating the offsetfrom the start address of the file management table based on the filesize and the sequence number of the object information.

As shown in FIG. 12 the digital broadcast file management table 94 is atable for managing digital broadcast files recording digital broadcastobjects. Digital broadcast file management table 94 includes digitalbroadcast object information (D_VOBI) 94 a, 94 b, and table managementinformation (D_AVFITI) 94 h containing the number of digital broadcastobject information entries managed by table 94 and the size of thedigital broadcast objects. Digital broadcast object information equal tothe number of entries indicated by table management information(D_AVFITI) 94 h is consecutively recorded on the disc. As describedabove, digital broadcast object information (D_VOBI) 94 a includesgeneral information (D_VOB_GI), stream information (D_VOB_STI), timemap, and entry point table. The time map contains the presentation timeof each digital broadcast object unit (VOBU) and the size (VOBU_ENT).Note that the movie file management table (M_AVFIT) 92 recording movieobjects and stream file management table (S_AVFIT) 96 recording streamobjects have the same data structure as digital broadcast filemanagement table 94.

Cell information is recorded to original PGC information 50 in thepresentation sequence. The cell information includes the correlation toobject information (Type and ObjectID) and the playback interval (Startand End) in the object. The playback information of the cell can beconverted to an object address using the access map in the objectinformation.

As noted above the data structure of the user-defined PGC information 70is identical to the data structure of the original PGC information 50except for whether or not an entry point table is included.

It will thus be known as described above that the playback controlinformation, that is, PGC information, can be defined independently ofinformation specific to the AV stream format by first abstracting the AVstream management information, and the AV streams can therefore beuniformly managed. This makes it possible to achieve an environmentenabling the user to freely reproduce AV data without being specificallyconscious of the AV format.

With the data structure defined above management information for new AVformats can be derived from the object information in the same way it isderived for existing AV formats. New formats can thus be easilyintegrated into the data structure.

The entry point table is described in detail next below.

An entry point is an access point enabling a user to start playback froma desired location in a broadcast program recorded on a disc. As shownin FIG. 7, for example, entry points related to original PGC information50 are recorded to entry point table 80 d in object information(ObjectI) 80, and entry points to user-defined PGC information 70 arerecorded in the cell information for user-defined PGC information 70,such as in entry point table 72 in cell information 71.

An entry point is defined using the presentation time stamp (PTS) for adigital broadcast object (D_VOB) and movie video object (M_VOB) in thesame way cell start and end positions are defined. An entry point for astream object is defined using the arrival time stamp (ATS).

Entry points are set as follows.

Digital satellite broadcasts carry much information other than the AVstream. The AV stream for each program is identified from informationrecorded in a special program specific information (PSI) table indigital satellite broadcasts. The program specific information (PSI) andservice information (SI) control transport stream reproduction. Morespecifically, the AV stream for one program is obtained by extractingthe multiple TS packets for the particular program from the TS packetsof the video and audio streams for the plural programs contained in thetransport stream. The multiple TS packet sequence of the desired programcan be identified using the packet ID (PID) added to each packet.Digital satellite broadcasts include data broadcasts and otherinteractive content, and can provide services that cannot be providedwith conventional analog broadcasts.

One such digital broadcast feature is the multiple views (also referredto as multi-view) function whereby multiple temporary parallel views canbe included in a single program. Multiple views are described in detailin ARIBTR-B15, and a data structure providing a multiple views featureis described briefly here with reference to FIG. 13. FIG. 13 shows thedata structure of the event information table (EIT) enabling multipleviews.

The component_group_id=0x0 table is referenced to when presenting themain view. The component_tag of the corresponding video stream is knownto be V0 from the component_group_id=0x0 table. The Video_PID (=0x01)for component_tag=V0 is then determined by referencing the userpresentation unit table, and the TS packet sequence having a PID=0x01 isknown to be the corresponding stream. The audio stream for the main viewis similarly known to be the TS packet sequence with a PID=0x02. Thesestreams can then be decoded on a digital television to present the mainview of a multi-view program to the user.

The AV stream of a digital broadcast thus contains much informationother than the audio and video data. This added information includesinformation for data broadcasts enabling interactive viewing by theuser, and parental control features whereby children can be preventedfrom viewing adult content. Data broadcast information is transmitted ina carousel fashion. With carousel transmissions the same data contentstored for a particular time interval is repeatedly transmitted in fileor smaller data units. The necessary data can be obtained when neededusing carousel transmissions even though the data is broadcast in aone-way transmission because the same data is sent out repeatedly.

When viewing a data broadcast the required data can be obtainedefficiently in a short time if the broadcast is captured from thebeginning of the carousel. Efficient time-shift viewing is also possibleif the broadcast can be reproduced while skipping those parts blocked tochildren using the parental control feature.

Users often access a program at these transition points. This means thatif these transition points are defined as entry points, users canefficiently access programs recorded on the optical disc. These entrypoints can be automatically detected and automatically set by therecorder.

Users also often desire to set entry points to particular scenes. Entrypoints set by the user are, from the user's perspective, distinct fromthe entry points set automatically by the recorder. Simultaneouslydisplaying both entry point types on the same screen therefore makesentry point selection confusing, and a data structure whereby thesedifferent types of entry points can be identified is needed.

This invention enables distinguishing automatically set entry points anduser-defined entry points by defining specific attributes for each entrypoint. FIG. 14 is an entry point table whereby attributes can be definedfor each entry point. This entry point table has a USER_EP flag fieldwhich can be set to declare if a particular entry point was defined bythe user. The USER_EP flag can be set to 1 for a user-defined entrypoint, and to 0 for an original entry point, for example. The recorderor player can therefore simply reference this USER_EP flag to clearlyindicate for the user whether a particular entry point was defined bythe user.

The entry point table also includes the following fields for each entrypoint: PG_Change indicating a program change; PSI_SI indicating a changein the PSI/SI information of the transport stream; SQH_Change indicatinga change in an attribute of the MPEG stream in the transport stream;Data_Top indicating the starting point of the data carousel; Data_Changeindicating the location of a change in data carousel content; PMT_Changeindicating the location of a change in PMT content; DE_Change indicatingthe location of a data event update; Module_Change indicating thelocation of a module update; Aud_Change indicating an audio attributechange; Multi_View indicating the number of views in a program formulti-view compatibility; and a parental control field (for restrictingviewing content available to children). The entry point table alsocontains links to files other than the management information and AVstreams on the optical disc for each entry point. For digital broadcastobjects (D_VOB) and movie video objects (M_VOB), this link informationis the PTS for the entry point, and for stream objects is the ATS.

When the user sets an entry point, the recorder can present all entrypoints and the corresponding attributes (PG_Change, PSI_SI, SQH_Change,Data_Top, Data_Change, PMT_Change, DE_Change, Module_Change, Aud_Change,Multi_View field, and parental control field) for the user regardless ofwhether the USER_EP flag is set. By referencing the displayed entrypoints and attributes, the user can mark the entry points needed foruser editing. If a marked entry point is set by the recorder, therecorder sets the USER_EP flag (=1). If the user re-marks an entry pointpreviously set by the user, the USER_EP flag is already set to 1 andremains set.

The user may also set an entry point to a location that is notautomatically detected. In this case the user must operate the recorderto select the desired scene and then set the entry point. The USER_EPflag for this entry point is set to 1 when the recorder registers theentry point in the entry point table.

The recorder presents only those entry points for which the USER_EP flagis set to the user when the PGC is edited. This enables the user toselect only the entry points needed to edit the PGC without beingconfused by entry points detected because they are automatically set.

Providing entry point table 80 d in object information (ObjectI) 80 issufficient if the entry point table is as shown in FIG. 14. However, theentry point table can be separately set in user-defined PGC information70 (FIG. 7) as described above, in which case it can be included or notincluded in the cell information.

Automatically set (original) entry points and user-defined entry pointscan be distinguished by managing them using separate tables as shown inFIG. 15. FIG. 15 shows an automatically set entry point table anduser-defined entry point table. Entry points are set automatically onlyduring recording by the recorder and the table of automatically setentry points is therefore written only to the original PGC information.The entry point attributes described above are recorded in this table.The user-defined entry point table is written in the cell information ofuser-defined PGC information 70 (FIG. 7). Note that the table ofautomatically set entry points can be written to original PGCinformation 50 (FIG. 7) instead of to object information (ObjectI) 80(FIG. 7).

It is also possible to provide an entry point table for each view in amulti-view stream. FIG. 16 shows entry point tables for plural views.This enables entry points to be easily managed by view. It will beobvious that fields for recording entry point attributes can be includedin each of these entry point tables.

A model player for reproducing an optical disc according to the presentinvention is described next below with reference to FIG. 17. As shown inFIG. 17 this player 1700 has an optical pickup 1701 for reading datafrom disc 100, ECC processor 1702 for error correction processing theread data, track buffer 1703 for temporarily storing the read data aftererror correction, TS decoder 1706 for reproducing a transport streamcontaining a movie video object (M_VOB) or digital broadcast object(D_VOB), for example, and a controller 1711 for controlling the variousparts of player 1700.

Player 1700 also has a digital interface 1704 for externally storing AVstreams. This enables AV streams to be supplied to an external deviceusing the IEEE-1394, IEC-958, or other communications protocol. If theAV stream contains a new AV format, for example, this enables the AVstream to be output through digital interface 1704 to an external AVdevice without passing the internal decoder of player 1700 so that thenew AV format stream can be reproduced using the external AV device. Forplayer 1700 to support the new AV format it is only necessary to alsoprovide a decoder 1709 compatible with the new AV format connected totrack buffer 1703 in the same way as other decoder(s).

The playback operation of player 1700 is described next. Using opticalpickup 1701, player 1700 reads data recorded on disc 100. ECC processor1702 ECC processes the read data and outputs transport stream (TS),which is stored to track buffer 1703. If the transport stream (TS) isdecodable, controller 1711 drives selector 1710 to connect track buffer1703 and TS decoder 1706. TS decoder 1706 separates and decodes thevideo data and audio data encoded in the transport stream (TS), and thenoutputs the decoded video and audio data. If controller 1711 determinesthat the transport stream (TS) cannot be decoded, the transport stream(TS) can be decoded by providing a decoder 1709 compatible with the newAV format.

The configuration and operation of a DVD recorder for recording data toan optical disc as described above is described next with reference toFIG. 18. This DVD recorder can also play back data recorded on theoptical disc, and the playback operation is therefore also describedbelow.

As shown in FIG. 18 this DVD recorder 1900 has a user interface 1901,system controller 1902, analog tuner 1903 for receiving VHF and UHFsignals, encoder 1904, digital tuner 1905 for receiving data streamsfrom digital satellite broadcasts, analyzer 1906, display unit 1907 suchas a television and speakers, and decoder 1908 for decoding the AVstream.

The user interface 1901 is used to present information to the user andreceive user requests (input). System controller 1902 handles theoverall management and control of DVD recorder 1900. Encoder 1904converts analog signals to digital signals, and encodes the digitalsignals to an MPEG transport stream. Analyzer 1906 analyzes streams(such as the MPEG transport stream) containing coded digital data.Decoder 1908 includes TS decoder 1706 shown in FIG. 17 and anyadditional decoders 1709.

DVD recorder 1900 also has a digital interface 1909, track buffer 1910for temporarily storing data written to DVD-RAM, and a drive 1911comprising a motor for rotationally driving DVD-RAM disc 100, a laserfor writing data to DVD-RAM disc 100, and an optical pickup. Digitalinterface 1909 is for outputting data to an external device using acommunications protocol such as IEEE-1394.

User interface 1901 of DVD recorder 1900 receives requests from the userfirst, and passes the user request to system controller 1902. Systemcontroller 1902 interprets the user request and sends process requeststo the appropriate modules.

Operation when the user request is to record a digital broadcast isdescribed next with reference to FIG. 19. FIG. 19 is a flow chart of therecording process of DVD recorder 1900 shown in FIG. 18.

The digital broadcast recording request from the user is passed throughthe user interface 1901 to system controller 1902. System controller1902 then instructs digital tuner 1905 to receive the digital broadcast,and instructs analyzer 1906 to interpret the data in the MPEG transportstream. Analyzer 1906 extracts the digital broadcast object startingtime information (D_VOB_V_S_PTM) as the information needed to generatethe digital broadcast object information (D_VOBI) from the MPEGtransport stream, and passes D_VOB_V_S_PTM to system controller 1902(step S191).

Analyzer 1906 also specifies and separates the object units (VOBU) fromthe MPEG transport stream, and sends the time length and size of theobject units required to generate the time map to system controller 1902(step S192). Note that an object unit (VOBU) is determined by detectingI-pictures in the transport stream.

The MPEG transport stream passed from digital tuner 1905 is transferredthrough analyzer 1906 to track buffer 1910. System controller 1902outputs a write request to drive 1911, and drive 1911 thus gets the datastored to track buffer 1910 and records it to DVD-RAM disc 100 (stepS193). System controller 1902 also tells drive 1911 where to write thedata to the disc based on the file system allocation data.

In addition to detecting object unit time information, analyzer 1906also monitors the MPEG transport stream being received to detectattribute changes (step S194). A specific detection method is describedbelow with reference to a digital broadcast delivered via broadcastsatellite. To accomplish this the recorder has memory sufficient tostore enough received data to detect a change in any of the followingdata fields (a) to (k).

It will be noted that the following detection method is just an exampleand may not conform in part to the ARIB-defined data structure. It willbe obvious that detection is also possible using a data structureconforming to ARIB standards.

(a) PG_Change: added when there is a change in the event_id (FIG. 20) inthe digital broadcast stream EIT (Event_Information_Table);

(b) PSI_SI: added when there is a change in the version_number of atable (including the PAT (Program_Association_Table), CAT(Conditional_Access_Table), NIT (Network_Information_Table), BIT(Broadcaster_Information_Table), SDT (Service_Description_Table), or EIT(Event_Information_Table), see FIG. 21) in the PSI/SI information of thedigital broadcast stream; (c) SQH_Change: added when there is a changein the sequence header information (FIG. 22) of an MPEG-2 stream in thedigital broadcast stream;

(d) Data_Top: added when dsmccMessageHeader( ) (FIG. 23) is detected inthe DII (DownloadInfoIndication) in the digital broadcast stream;

(e) Data_Change: added when a change is detected in the transaction_id(FIG. 24) in the dsmccMessageHeader( ) in the DII of the digitalbroadcast stream;

(f) PMT_Change: added when a change is detected in the version_number(FIG. 25) of the PMT (Program_Map_Table) in the digital broadcaststream;

(g) DE_Change: added when a change is detected in the data_event_id(FIG. 26) in the downloadlD in the DII message of the digital broadcaststream;

(h) Module_Change: added when a change is detected in the module_version(FIG. 27) in the DII message in the digital broadcast stream;

(i) Aud_Change: added when a change is detected in the component_type orthe sampling_rate (FIG. 28) in the audio component descriptor in the EITof the digital broadcast stream;

(j) Multi_View field: assigned according to the num_of_group (FIG. 29)field in the component group descriptor in the EIT of the digitalbroadcast stream; and

(k) parental control field: assigned according to the setting of theprivate_data_byte of the restricted reception descriptor in the PMT ofthe digital broadcast stream, or the rating field of the parental ratedescriptor in the EIT (Event_Information_Table) (FIG. 30).

Referring again to FIG. 19, if the analyzer 1906 detects a change in theMPEG transport stream content, it sends detection information togetherwith the detection time to system controller 1902 as entry point data(step S195). System controller 1902 generates the entry point table,which is a collection of entry point data.

When to stop recording is determined by a stop request from the user(step S196). A user request to stop recording is applied through userinterface 1901 to system controller 1902. System controller 1902 thensends a stop instruction to digital tuner 1905 and analyzer 1906. If theuser does not stop recording, process repeats from step S192 andrecording thus continues.

Analyzer 1906 stops analyzing the received data when it receives a stopanalyzing instruction from system controller 1902, and sends the endpresentation time (D_VOB_V_E_PTM) of the last analyzed video object unit(VOBU) in the MPEG transport stream.

After the digital broadcast reception process ends system controller1902 generates the digital broadcast object information (D_VOBI) basedon the data received from analyzer 1906, and then generates cellinformation for the digital broadcast object information (D_VOBI). TheType field of the cell information is set to “D_VOB” in this case. Thesystem controller 1902 also generates an entry point table from theentry point data received from the analyzer 1906 (step S197). The systemcontroller 1902 also sets the ViewType of the recorded cell based on theentry point data.

After completing recording the data accumulated in track buffer 1910 todrive 1911, system controller 1902 controls drive 1911 to record thedigital broadcast object information and cell information. Drive 1911thus writes the remaining data in track buffer 1910, the digitalbroadcast object information (D_VOBI), and cell information to DVD-RAMdisc 100, and the recording process ends (step S198).

The same basic process is used when the user request is to record ananalog broadcast. The processes differ in that encoder 1904 encodes thecontent to a transport stream and the VOBUs are therefore generated bythe recorder.

The same basic process is also used when the user request is to record adata stream. The processes differ in that stream objects (SOB) cannot beanalyzed and the arrival time stamp (ATS) is therefore used for the timevalues.

Operation based on user-defined recording start and stop requests isdescribed above. However, it will also be noted that the basic operationof the DVD recorder 1900 is the same even when making timer recordingssuch as made with conventional VCR machines. Operation in this casediffers only in that the system controller automatically issues therecording start and stop requests instead of the user.

Operation when the user request is to reproduce data recorded on aDVD-RAM disc according to the present invention is described next withreference to FIG. 31. FIG. 31 is a flow chart of the playback process ofDVD recorder 1900 shown in FIG. 18. Reproducing an original PGCcomprising one digital broadcast object (D_VOB) and one cell informationentry is described below. Note that DVD player 1700 described above(FIG. 17) can also perform the playback operation described below.

User interface 1901 first receives an original PGC play request from theuser and passes the request to system controller 1902. System controller1902 interprets the user request to detect an original PGC play request,and applies process requests to the appropriate modules. Systemcontroller 1902 interprets original PGC information 50 and cellinformation 60 (FIG. 7) to identify the object to be reproduced (stepS311). That is, system controller 1902 analyzes the Type field in thecell information of the PGC information. If the Type field is set toD_VOB, system controller 1902 knows that the AV stream to play is an AVstream recorded as a MPEG transport stream.

Next, system controller 1902 finds the digital broadcast objectinformation (D_VOBI) corresponding to the ID read from the cellinformation in table (D_AVFIT) (step S312). System controller 1902 thenidentifies the location of the object in the DVD-RAM disc based on thedigital broadcast object starting time information (D_VOB_V_S_PTM), endtime information (D_VOB_V_E_PTM), and time map (step S313). When theobject location is identified, system controller 1902 determines thestart and end addresses of the AV data to reproduce from the DVD-RAMdisc based on the time map and start and end time values from the cellinformation (step S314).

Once the access address is known system controller 1902 sends a readrequest and the read address of DVD-RAM disc 100 to drive 1911. Drive1911 then reads the AV data from the address specified by systemcontroller 1902 and stores it to track buffer 1910 (step S315). Systemcontroller 1902 also tells decoder 1908 to decode the data. Decoder 1908thus reads and decodes the AV data from track buffer 1910. The decodedAV data is then output through display unit 1907 (step S316).

Drive 1911 then determines if all data specified by system controller1902 has been read (step S317). If reading is not completed the processreturns to step S315 and reading the AV data continues. When all datahas been read, drive 1911 notifies system controller 1902 and systemcontroller 1902 thus sends a playback termination request to decoder1908. Decoder 1908 continues reproducing data until track buffer 1910 isempty. When track buffer 1910 becomes empty and all data has beendecoded and presented, decoder 1908 notifies system controller 1902 thatplayback is completed and the playback process ends.

The playback process is described above using by way of example anoriginal PGC containing only one digital broadcast object (D_VOB) andone cell information entry. It will be noted, however, that an AV streamcan be reproduced using this same process whether the original PGCcontains only one or plural movie video objects (M_VOB), multipledigital broadcast objects, or a mixture of movie objects and digitalbroadcast objects. This also applies to an original PGC containingplural cells and to a user-defined PGC.

How a stream object (SOB) is reproduced when decoder 1908 does not havea playback function compatible with all AV streams is described next.Referring again to FIG. 18, an MPEG transport stream cannot bereproduced through decoder 1908 as described above if decoder 1908 doesnot have a playback function compatible with the MPEG transport stream.In this case the data is passed through the digital interface 1909 to anexternal device, which reproduces the data.

The system controller 1902 sends an external data output request todigital interface 1909 instead of sending a playback request to decoder1908 when it detects that the cell information of PGC informationrequested for playback by the user is a stream object (SOB) notsupported by the system. Digital interface 1909 then transfers the AVdata stored in track buffer 1910 according to the communication protocolof the connected digital interface. Note that except for this processoperation is the same as when reproducing a digital broadcast object(D_VOB). System controller 1902 can determine whether decoder 1908 iscompatible with the AV stream to be reproduced, or system controller1902 can poll decoder 1908. Decoder 1908 references the PSI/SIinformation of the MPEG transport stream to determine compatibility withthe particular stream.

It is important to note that some stream object (SOB) playbackcapabilities may be limited because the player cannot analyze streamcontent. It may be difficult to achieve certain so-called trick playmodes such as slow play in a stream object (SOB) for which stream datacontent cannot be analyzed because such modes require repeatedlyoutputting stream data that can be played alone.

Therefore, when a DVD recorder 1900 according to this embodiment of theinvention receives a trick playback mode instruction from the user itreads the cell Type field and reports to user interface 1901 that theselected trick playback mode is not possible if it detects a streamobject (SOB).

Because of the above-described restrictions on stream object (SOB)playback, it is also possible to prohibit mixing a stream object (SOB)with other object types, such as digital broadcast object (D_VOB) ormovie video object (M_VOB), in the same PGC when generating the PGCinformation determining the playback sequence of a continuous AV stream.

A process for handling user requests to set an entry point to an opticaldisc recording AV data is described next with reference to FIG. 32, aflow chart of the user entry point setting process.

When a request to set an entry point is received from the user throughuser interface 1901 (FIG. 18) (step S321), system controller 1902 (FIG.18) reads the entry point table from the disc and presents all entrypoints and the defined attributes in the entry point table for the cellto user interface 1901 (step S322). The entry point table referred tohere means the table of automatically set entry points and theuser-defined entry point table shown in FIG. 15, that is, entry pointtable 72 of cell information 71 in user-defined PGC information 70 (FIG.7) and entry point table 80 d in object information (ObjectI) 80 (FIG.7). It is also possible, however, to present only the user-defined entrypoint table. The attribute data can also not be displayed if it is notparticularly needed.

The attribute information includes the following flags and fields, forexample: PG_Change indicating a program change; PSI_SI indicating achange in the PSI/SI information of the transport stream; SQH_Changeindicating a change in an attribute of the MPEG stream in the transportstream; Data_Top indicating the starting point of the data carousel;Data_Change indicating the location of a change in data carouselcontent; PMT_Change indicating the location of a change in PMT content;DE_Change indicating the location of a data event update; Module_Changeindicating the location of a module update; Aud_Change indicating anaudio attribute change; Multi_View indicating the number of views in aprogram for multi-view compatibility; and a parental control field.

Based on the displayed entry points and attribute data, the user canreproduce content from any point needed, and can easily find a desiredscene in a particular program and a desired entry point to a desireddata broadcast or multi-view program.

The user then instructs DVD recorder 1900 to mark the selected entrypoint (step S323). When an entry point marking command is received fromthe user, system controller 1902 of DVD recorder 1900 adds an entry tothe user-defined entry point table (step S324). If the user wants to setan entry point to a location other than the original entry points, thestarting and end points of the stream interval to be marked by an entrypoint must be specified. Based on the indicated starting point, systemcontroller 1902 of DVD recorder 1900 then retrieves the presentationtime stamp (PTS) corresponding to the specified starting point. Systemcontroller 1902 then adds an entry to the user-defined entry point tableand records the detected presentation time stamp (PTS) to the end timefield EP_PTM. Note that the USER_EP flag of the entry point table is setif two different entry point tables such as shown in FIG. 15 are notused and automatically set entry points and user-defined entry pointsare managed in a single table such as shown in FIG. 14.

The process ends when setting the entry points is completed (step S324).If setting the entry points is not completed, the process returns tostep S322 and all previously set entry points and correspondingattributes are displayed.

A user-defined entry point playback process is described next withreference to FIG. 33. FIG. 33 is a flow chart of the user-defined entrypoint playback process.

When system controller 1902 receives an entry point playback requestfrom a user (step S331), it detects whether a user-defined entry pointtable (that is, entry point table 72 or the bottom table in FIG. 15) islocated on the optical disc (step S332). If a user-defined entry pointtable is already present, the table is read and stored to memory fordisplaying, and the entry points are displayed (step S334). This enablesthe user to select a desired playback start position from among only thenecessary entry points without being confused by the simultaneousdisplay of numerous entry points the user is not conscious of. If thereis no user-defined entry point table on the disc, the automatically setentry point table is read, stored to memory and the entry points aredisplayed (step S334). Note that if an entry point table as shown inFIG. 14 is used the USER_EP flag can be referenced for each entry pointto display only the entry points for which the USER_EP flag is set.

If the user selects an entry point, system controller 1902 receivesinformation identifying the selected entry point from user interface1901 (step S335). System controller 1902 then detects the time valueEP_PTM for the selected entry point from the entry point table (stepS336). The precision of entry point time values in the entry point tableis normally 27 MHz as used in MPEG. Note that the video frame number ora value minus the lowest bits of a video manager general information(VMGI) 90 KHz or 27 MHz clock could be used.

The system controller 1902 then converts this time information to a discsector location value using the time map in the object information ofthe corresponding digital broadcast object (D_VOB) (step S337). Systemcontroller 1902 then reads the MPEG transport stream from the opticaldisc starting from this sector location (step S338).

Images or sound can thus be reproduced from an entry point (scene)selected by the user. System controller 1902 also detects the ViewTypefield in the cell information. If the ViewType is set to any value otherthan zero, that is, if the object is a multi-view object, systemcontroller 1902 reports the ViewType value from the cell information touser interface 1901. Based on the reported view type, DVD recorder 1900presents the number of multiple views on the screen of user interface1901 as on-screen display (OSD) information, for example.

It will be noted that FIG. 32, FIG. 33, and the related description ofthe invention assume that all entry points are displayed. It will beobvious, however, that it is not necessary to present all entry points.For example, only entry points having a change in a particular attributecould be selectively displayed, or only entry points in a particulartime band could be selectively displayed. This selection is possiblebased on the attributes defined in the entry point tables or the timevalue (EP_PTM).

The DVD recorder is described reproducing AV streams not supported bythe decoder by passing the stream through the digital interface to anexternal device. It is also possible, however, to pass AV streamssupported by the decoder through the digital interface to a set-top boxor other external device in response to a user request.

Furthermore, the present invention is described herein using an opticaldisc, an optical disc recorder, and an optical disc player by way ofexample, but the same benefits can also be achieved using likecomponents and processes when the MPEG transport stream is recorded on ahard disk or other data storage medium. The present invention shall not,therefore, be limited to physical media. The “like components” can alsobe achieved using the central processing unit (CPU) of a personalcomputer or image processing chips.

The CPU and other components in this case operate according to acomputer-executable recording program implementing the steps of theprocesses shown in the accompanying flow charts (FIG. 19 and FIGS. 31 to33). The program itself can be recorded on a flexible disk, opticaldisc, semiconductor memory, or other memory or storage medium, and canbe transmitted over the Internet or other communication line forinstallation to a personal computer.

This embodiment of the invention has also been described using the MPEGtransport stream as a self-encoded stream, but the MPEG program streamor other stream formats can be alternatively used.

Although the present invention has been described in connection with thepreferred embodiments thereof with reference to the accompanyingdrawings, it is to be noted that various changes and modifications willbe apparent to those skilled in the art. Such changes and modificationsare to be understood as included within the scope of the presentinvention as defined by the appended claims, unless they departtherefrom.

What is claimed is:
 1. A recording apparatus comprising: a receiverdevice operable to receive a digital stream, which is a multiplex of avideo stream and an audio stream; an input device operable to receive afirst entry point representing a starting point of a playback of thedigital stream, the first entry point being defined by a user; ananalyzer operable to automatically produce, during a monitoring of thedigital stream, a second entry point representing a change point atwhich an attribute of the digital stream changes; a control deviceoperable to generate management information; and a drive device operableto record the generated management information and the digital streamonto a recording medium, wherein the management information includes:playback path information representing a playback path of the digitalstream; and stream management information for managing the digitalstream, the stream management information being different from theplayback path information, wherein the playback path informationcontains the first entry point together with first type information,wherein the stream management information contains the second entrypoint together with second type information, and wherein the first entrypoint or the second entry point is expressed by a presentation time of adigital stream when the digital stream is analyzed and by an arrivaltime of a packet in the digital stream when the digital stream is notanalyzed.
 2. A recording method comprising: receiving, via a receiverunit of a recording apparatus, a digital stream, which is a multiplex ofa video stream and an audio stream; receiving a first entry pointrepresenting a starting point of a playback of the digital stream, thefirst entry point being defined by a user; automatically producing,during a monitoring of the digital stream, a second entry pointrepresenting a change point at which an attribute of the digital streamchanges; generating management information; and recording the generatedmanagement information and the digital stream onto a recording medium,wherein the management information includes: playback path informationrepresenting a playback path of the digital stream; and streammanagement information for managing the digital stream, the streammanagement information being different from the playback pathinformation, wherein the playback path information contains the firstentry point together with first type information, wherein the streammanagement information contains the second entry point together withsecond type information, and wherein the first entry point or the secondentry point is expressed by a presentation time of a digital stream whenthe digital stream is analyzed and by an arrival time of a packet in thedigital stream when the digital stream is not analyzed.
 3. Anon-transitory computer-readable recording medium having data recordedthereon by a recording apparatus, wherein the data comprises: a digitalstream, which is a multiplex of a video stream and an audio stream; andmanagement information, wherein the management information includes:playback path information representing a playback path of the digitalstream; and stream management information for managing the digitalstream, the stream management information being different from theplayback path information, wherein the playback path informationcontains first type information together with a first entry pointrepresenting a starting point of a playback of the digital stream, thefirst entry point being defined by the user, wherein the streammanagement information contains second type information together with asecond entry point representing a change point at which an attribute ofthe digital stream changes, the second entry point being automaticallyproduced during a monitoring of the digital stream, and wherein thefirst entry point or the second entry point is expressed by apresentation time of a digital stream when the digital stream isanalyzed and by an arrival time of a packet in the digital stream whenthe digital stream is not analyzed.
 4. A reproducing apparatuscomprising: a reading device operable to read a digital stream andmanagement information from a recording medium, the digital stream beinga multiplex of a video stream and an audio stream; and a playback deviceoperable to playback the digital stream in accordance with themanagement information, wherein the management information includes:playback path information representing a playback path of the digitalstream; and stream management information for managing the digitalstream, the stream management information being different from theplayback path information, wherein the playback path informationcontains first type information together with a first entry pointrepresenting a starting point of a playback of the digital stream, thefirst entry point being defined by the user, wherein the streammanagement information contains second type information together with asecond entry point representing a change point at which an attribute ofthe digital stream changes, the second entry point being automaticallyproduced by a recording apparatus during a monitoring of the digitalstream by the recording apparatus, and wherein the first entry point orthe second entry point is expressed by a presentation time of a digitalstream when the digital stream is analyzed and by an arrival time of apacket in the digital stream when the digital stream is not analyzed. 5.A reproducing method comprising: reading, via a reading unit of areproducing apparatus, a digital stream and management information froma recording medium, the digital stream being a multiplex of a videostream and an audio stream; and playing back the digital stream inaccordance with the management information, wherein the managementinformation includes: playback path information representing a playbackpath of the digital stream; and stream management information formanaging the digital stream, the stream management information beingdifferent from the playback path information, wherein the playback pathinformation contains first type information together with a first entrypoint representing a starting point of a playback of the digital stream,the first entry point being defined by the user, wherein the streammanagement information contains second type information together with asecond entry point representing a change point at which an attribute ofthe digital stream changes, the second entry point being automaticallyproduced by a recording apparatus during a monitoring of the digitalstream by the recording apparatus, and wherein the first entry point orthe second entry point is expressed by a presentation time of a digitalstream when the digital stream is analyzed and by an arrival time of apacket in the digital stream when the digital stream is not analyzed.